Firebacks

Description: Arched rectangular shaped; ovolo-moulded edging (top and sides); central stamp of a carved bracket figure of a bearded man in a loincloth and cap; rhyme in capitals across rectangular plate, letters carved on strips, split by figure.

Notes: The twin miseries of a smoky house and a scolding wife are mentioned several times in literature. The dress of the figure suggests work as a miner, possibly linking this back with the Forest of Dean. Variants with initials and dates are also known.

Inscription: FROM ·A·-·SMOKY ·LIFE·/ AND·A SCOVL DING·WIFE·/ALL MEN THAT-DOE·ME·SE/ TAKE·PETIE- AND·DELIVER ME

Description: Arched rectangular shape; fillet edging; central male figure clothed in 17th century style, facing to the left, holding a mallet in his raised right hand and holding a board with rectangular detailing in relief in his left hand; vertical boards in relief behind; below to the left, a smaller figure holding a long pole diagonally with other detailing in relief behind; to the lower right, a female figure, contemporaneously clothed, a scroll feature to her right; behind, an archtectural grille with scrolled detailing; above, swagged drapery with three descending tasselled ropes.

Notes: A pastiche of a 17th century fireback. The scene appears to be of a carpenter's workshop but some of the detail in the lower parts of the fireback is indistinct owing to corrosion. The drapery was probably inspired by a similar feature on several late-17th or early-18th century 'Dutch'-style fireback designs. The reverse (upcast) side of the fireback is very smooth indicating a modern date for the casting.

Description: Rectangular with two-stepped top; double astragal edging on sides; top centre, stamp formed of a talbot statant guardant upon a wreath; date split either side of crest; initials below date, ‘+’ below letters.

Notes: The talbot crest is seen on other firebacks indicating a common source.

Copies of this fireback are known.

Inscription: 16 22 / I + H

Description: Arched rectangular shaped; fillet edging; a lion rampant

Notes: Whole pattern. A modern design of fireback

Copies of this fireback are known.

Description: Arched rectangular shape; ovolo-moulded edging; Tudor royal shield, garter, crown, motto and supporters (crowned lion and dragon); Tudor rose to right of lion’s head, portcullis to left of dragon’s head; temp. Elizabeth I.

Notes: Three versions of this fireback are known, with differing edging and one without the rose and portcullis.

Copies of this fireback are known.

Inscription: [Garter] HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE / [motto] DIEV ET MON DROIT.

Arms: Tudor royal

Description: Quasi-arched shape with forward-facing 'wings', which splay outwards towards the base; the 'wings' curve to follow the shape of the main panel but curl outwards at the top; central panel with stylised image of a tree; top centre, three ostrich feathers gathered at their quills, on either side of which, on the curled upper parts of the 'wings', are a mirrored feature of uncertain type.

Notes: Nothing is known about the sources of free-standing firebacks or what prompted their production. Their form is similar and the predominant use of horticultural or arboreal decorative themes suggests production within a limited time frame. Only a very small number of such castings are known. Depth 210mm. The fireback has been repaired in the main panel and attached to a later grate.

Description: Arched rectangular shape; ovolo-moulded edge; Tudor royal shield, crown, garter and supporters (dragon and greyhound). Crowned rose on left, and crowned portcullis (grid of 16) on right side of crown; the supporters stand on a horizontal fillet; date panel with ovolo-moulding on top, central putto face splitting two parts of date with faces of putti in profile at each end.

Notes: Arms are of Edward VI. A very clear casting, almost certainly from the original pattern. There are several firebacks with the Tudor royal arms that were probably produced in the Spanish Netherlands, perhaps illustrating the association between England and Spain through the marriage of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon. The firebacks differ in several small details, such as the form and rotation of the Garter motto, the style of the crown, the positioning of the supporters in relation to the Garter, and the form and size of the crowned rose and portcullis.

Copies of this fireback are known.

Inscription: HONI SOIT QVI MAL I PENSE / 15 48

Arms: Tudor royal Edward VI

Description: Rectangular; carved strip with undulating vine between fillets, repeated on each side; carved inscription panel along top edge; centre, two traceried panels, each with a central shield beneath a gothic arch.

Notes: One of several similar firebacks produced in the same period.

Copies of this fireback are known.

Inscription: JHESUS MARIA JHONES

Description: Canted rectangle; twisted rope edging (top and sides); quasi-symmetrical arrangement of four fleurs-de-lys in star, top centre, two fleurs each side along top edge, single fleurs beneath outer top fleurs; short rope length in vertical and inverted 'V' shapes each side between top fleurs; ?dagger handle irregularly positioned centre left and right.

Notes: The style and shape of the fleurs-de-lys is unique to a particular series of firebacks, suggesting the same source; the 'V' shapes may have apotropaic significance. A sketch of this fireback c.1891 is in the collection of J. Starkie Gardner's sketch books at the Victoria and Albert Museum, Archive of Art and Design (AAD/2014/8); at the time of drawing it was stated to be in the ownership of one Simmons, a furniture dealer of Lewes.

Description: Rectangular; no edging; top centre, Tudor rose with a crown above; in each top corner, mask of a crowned bearded man; right of rose and crown, figure of a horse with vestige of a base, angled bend sinister; left of rose and crown, crouched figure of a four-legged creature with the legs and hind quarters of a deer (or horse), scaly/feathered belly and shoulders, an apparent wing and a human or simian head facing upwards at the end of an extended neck.

Notes: A striking fireback with bold decorative elements in relief. The rose and crown are similar to those which adorn late Henrician iron artillery, which may suggest that the ironworks where this fireback was cast was also where cannon were made. The crowned bearded faces might be caricatures of King Henry VIII. The figure of the horse with its vestigial base was probably a sculptured model with an attached base for displaying on a flat surface. The quadruped cannot be identified with a specific mythological creature but is a hybrid chimera-like form born of a tradition of Mannerist grotesquerie, probably derived from a carved wooden component of an elaborate interior display. As has been seen with other decorative stamps formed from the impression of high-relief, three-dimensional carvings, not all of the features present will have been rendered completely in the relatively shallow depth of the mould for the fireback, making identification uncertain. A seemingly identical casting is in Lake House, Wiltshire.

Copies of this fireback are known.